Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2006) - New Caledonia (2002)

Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2006) z New Caledonia (2002)

	Holy See (Vatican City) (2006)	New Caledonia (2002)

Administrative divisions	none	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 30% (male 31,862; female 30,577) 15-64 years: 64.1% (male 67,043; female 66,102) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 5,777; female 6,497) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products
Airports	-	29 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 9 (2002)
Area	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.	Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated.
Birth rate	-	19.91 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $245.2 million expenditures: $260.4 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2002)	revenues: $861.3 million expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)
Capital	name: Vatican City geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Noumea
Climate	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	2,254 km
Constitution	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)	conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
Currency	-	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003
Death rate	-	5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$79 million (1998 est.)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of France since 1956
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Francis ROONEY embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346	none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Pietro SAMBI chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036	none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international	none	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
Economic aid - recipient	$0	$880 million annual subsidy from France
Economy - overview	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world (known as Peter's Pence); by the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.	New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. Strikes in the building industry in 2001, which lasted four months, adversely affected many other sectors of the economy. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	1.455 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	1.565 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 78% hydro: 22% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m
Environment - current issues	NA	erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
Environment - international agreements	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification	-
Ethnic groups	Italians, Swiss, other	Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Executive branch	chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI	chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002) head of government: President of the Government Pierre FROGIER (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Consultative Committee elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 28 November 2002 when Pierre FROGIER was reelected
Exports	0 kWh	$400 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	-	ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
Exports - partners	-	Japan 25.8%, France 18.8%, Taiwan 12%, Australia 8.2%, US 3.0% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band	the flag of France is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $3.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 5% industry: 30% services: 65% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 27 E	21 30 S, 165 30 E
Geography - note	landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)	consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls
Heliports	-	5 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 4,825 km paved: 2,287 km unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	$1 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities	-	transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice
Imports - partners	-	France 50.2%, Australia 15.1%, Singapore 5.9%, New Zealand 5.2%, Japan 3.7% (1999)
Independence	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century	none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
Industrial production growth rate	-	-0.6% (1996)
Industries	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities	nickel mining and smelting
Infant mortality rate	-	8.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation	CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO (observer), WTO (observer)	ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	160 sq km (1991)
Judicial branch	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
Labor force	NA	79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)
Labor force - by occupation	note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican	agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)	arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (1998 est.)
Languages	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages	French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
Legal system	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it	the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
Legislative branch	unicameral Pontifical Commission	unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1 note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 73.27 years male: 70.32 years female: 76.36 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% (1976 est.)
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	Europe	Oceania
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Malaysia 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	Pontifical Swiss Guard (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia)	no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$192.3 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	5.3% (FY96)
National holiday	Coronation Day of Pope BENEDICT XVI, 24 April (2005)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian
Natural hazards	NA	cyclones, most frequent from November to March
Natural resources	none	nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Raphael MAPOU]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)	NA
Population	932 (July 2006 est.)	207,858 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.01% (2006 est.)	1.43% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Mueo, Noumea, Thio
Radio broadcast stations	AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 2 (2004)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	107,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km (2002)
Religions	Roman Catholic	Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic digital exchange domestic: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network international: country code - 39; uses Italian system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	5,120 (2005)	47,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	13,040 (1998)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2005)	6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	urban; low hill	coastal plains with interior mountains
Total fertility rate	-	2.44 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	19% (1996)
Waterways	-	none

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